Inflation in Pakistan

 Property tax The value of real estate, such as land, buildings, and other structures, is taxed through the property tax system. It is typically imposed by municipalities or local governments and provides a sizeable source of income for paying for regional services and infrastructure. Different jurisdictions have different rules and tax rates for property. The assessed value of the property, which can be determined using a variety of methods including market value assessments, income-based assessments, or a combination of both, is the basis on which the tax is typically calculated. A variety of public services, including but not limited to the following, are financed in part by property tax revenues: Education: Public schools and other educational institutions in the neighbourhood are frequently funded in part by local property taxes. Infrastructure: Funds raised by the property tax can be used to build and maintain public facilities like roads, parks, libraries, and utilities. E...

   Circular Debt Circular debt is a persistent issue in the energy industry where parties like power generation firms, distribution firms, and fuel suppliers build up unpaid debts and liabilities to one another. As a result, the system experiences a "circular" flow of debt. Circular debt in Pakistan primarily refers to the ongoing problem of unpaid bills and liabilities in the nation's energy sector, particularly the power sector. Numerous issues, such as inefficiencies, poor management, undercharging for electricity, power theft, and insufficient revenue collection, contribute to the circular debt problem. Energy Circular Debt Energy circular debt is the ongoing issue of unpaid bills and liabilities in the energy industry, particularly the power industry. It is a significant problem that has negative effects on the industry and the economy in nations like Pakistan. When distribution companies (DISCOs) fail to pay power generation companies promptly and in full for the el...

 Overview of the Solow Model: Robert Solow and Trevor Swan created the Solow model, also referred to as the Solow-Swan model or the neoclassical growth model, as an economic framework in the 1950s and 1960s. It offers perceptions into the long-term economic development and productivity of nations. Defining the Solow Model: The Solow model emphasises the factors that determine economic growth in a straightforward manner, taking important elements like capital accumulation, technological advancement, and population growth into account. It is based on neoclassical economic theory, which places a strong emphasis on the contribution of productivity and production factors to economic growth. The following are the main components of the Solow model: 1. Capital Accumulation: The model presupposes that the accumulation of tangible capital is a prerequisite for economic output. An economy's productive capacity is increased by investments in new capital goods like machinery and equipment. Ho...

 Economical Overview: Pakistan is facing significant economic difficulties that are a result of enduring structural weaknesses. Between 2001 and 2018, Pakistan made significant strides in reducing poverty as more than 47 million people were able to escape poverty thanks to the growth of off-farm employment opportunities and a rise in remittance inflow. However, despite the rapid decrease in poverty, socioeconomic conditions have not significantly improved, as evidenced by the poor and stagnant state of human capital outcomes, which include high rates of stunting (38%) and learning poverty (75%). In addition, strong economic growth frequently results in economic imbalances and frequent macroeconomic crises because it reflects a consumption-driven growth model with limited exports and investment that boost productivity. Real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has therefore grown slowly over time, averaging only about 2.2 percent annually between 2000 and 22. Due to its low forei...